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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00062_Field_frep80.txt
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1996-12-30
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A hypothetical circuit shows
how center-surround receptive
fields are thought to be built up.
The receptive field center of a
bipolar cell (fourth purple cell
from top), an off center cell in
this example, is produced by a
small patch of receptors,
making powerful excitatory
synaptic contacts. One or
several such cells feed into a
ganglion cell to form its center.
The surround of the bipolar
cell's receptive field is
produced by a much larger
number of receptors (including
those in the central patch),
which feed a horizontal cell
with excitatory synapses. The
horizontal cell may contact the
bipolar cell or project back onto
the receptors.
If the bipolar cell is off
center, the synapses onto
the bipolar cell from the
central patch of receptors are
presumed to be excitatory. (The
receptors are turned off by
light.) The horizontal cell is
presumed to inhibit either the
bipolar cell or the receptors
themselves. Note two input
paths to ganglion cells, one
directly from bipolars and the
other from bipolar to amacrine
to ganglion cell.
The bipolar cell sends a
single dendrite in the direction
of the receptors. This either
synapses with one receptor
(always a cone) or it splits into
branches that synapse with
more than one receptor. When
more than one receptor feeds
into a single bipolar cell, they
collectively occupy a relatively
small area of retina. In either
case, these receptors must
account for the receptive-field
center, because the area they
occupy matches the field center
in size. The next question is
whether the synapses between
receptors and bipolar cells are
excitatory or inhibitory, or
both.